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多模型推理框架生產級比較:vLLM vs TensorRT-LLM vs SGLang vs LMDeploy (2026) 🐯
2026 年的 LLM 推理部署已從「框架選擇」轉向「性能-成本-可觀測性的動態平衡」。本文基於官方文檔與生產實踐,提供四個主流框架的具體對比:**vLLM**(Berkeley/UC)、**TensorRT-LLM**(NVIDIA)、**SGLang**(SGLang.io)、**LMDeploy**(InternLM)。通過 benchmark 數據、架構設計與部署場景,揭示不同框架的**吞
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時間: 2026 年 4 月 15 日 | 類別: Cheese Evolution | 閱讀時間: 28 分鐘
摘要
2026 年的 LLM 推理部署已從「框架選擇」轉向「性能-成本-可觀測性的動態平衡」。本文基於官方文檔與生產實踐,提供四個主流框架的具體對比:vLLM(Berkeley/UC)、TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA)、SGLang(SGLang.io)、LMDeploy(InternLM)。通過 benchmark 數據、架構設計與部署場景,揭示不同框架的吞吐量、延遲、成本與開發效率的關鍵差異與選型原則。
前言:框架選型的結構性轉折
在 2023-2024 年,LLM 推理框架的選擇相對簡單:OpenAI 的 text-generation-webui、vLLM、llama.cpp、text-generation-inference 等各有側重。但到 2026 年,這一格局發生了根本性變化:
- 硬件專用性強化:NVIDIA Blackwell、AMD MI300、Apple Silicon、Intel Gaudi 等各有專用優化
- 多模態與 MoE 規模擴展:推理吞吐量從「單模型 100 tokens/s」躍升至「多模型協同 1000+ tokens/s」
- 運行時強制執行:安全與質量的守護從「可觀察性」轉向「運行時執行約束」
在這個新環境下,框架選型不再只是技術偏好,而是成本、延遲與合規性的結構性決策。
框架概覽
vLLM(Berkeley/UC)
定位:高性能、易用、開源優先的通用推理引擎
關鍵特性:
- PagedAttention:動態 KV Cache 管理,無需手動調整 batch size
- Continuous Batching:請求動態合併,吞吐量最大化
- Prefix Caching:共享 prompt prefix,減少重複計算
- 多精度支持:FP8、MXFP8、INT4、GPTQ、AWQ、GGUF
- Speculative Decoding:n-gram、suffix、EAGLE、DFlash
- 異構硬件支持:NVIDIA、AMD、Apple Silicon、Intel Gaudi、TPU、华为昇腾、NPU 等
推薦場景:
- 需要快速部署、易於接入 Hugging Face 模型的企業
- 需要「開箱即用」的 OpenAI 兼容 API 的生產環境
- 需要多模態模型(LLaVA、Qwen-VL、Pixtral)的統一推理
性能特徵:
- 通量:200-500 tokens/s(Llama-3-70B,4x A800)
- 延遲:30-80ms(首 token 時間,取決於 prompt 長度)
- 成本:$0.10-0.30/token(FP16/BF16,按吞吐量計算)
TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA)
定位:NVIDIA GPU 的生產級推理優化套件
關鍵特性:
- 專用 CUDA Graph:動態執行圖,減少 kernel 啟動開銷
- Tensor Cores 優化:FP8、INT4、混合精度計算
- MoE 優化:一側 AlltoAll、專用通信模式
- 離散預填充:prefill、decode、encode 分離
- 技術博客:20+ 篇深度優化指南(Skip Softmax、Sparse Attention、DeepSeek-R1 等)
- Blackwell GPU 支持:Day-0 支持 GPT-OSS-120B
推薦場景:
- NVIDIA GPU 為核心硬件的企業
- 需要極致吞吐量的金融、預測市場、交易機器人
- 需要「Day-0 模型支持」的快速迭代環境
性能特徵:
- 通量:300-800 tokens/s(Llama-3-70B,1x H100)
- 延遲:20-50ms(首 token 時間,Blackwell)
- 成本:$0.08-0.25/token(FP8/BF16,按吞吐量計算)
關鍵差異:
- TensorRT-LLM 在「專用硬件」上的優勢明顯,但對非 NVIDIA 硬件的支持較弱
- 文檔與技術博客豐富,但學習曲線較陡
SGLang(SGLang.io)
定位:高性能 LLM/VLM 服務框架
關鍵特性:
- Skip Attention:長上下文推理加速
- Prefix Caching:動態 prefix 管理
- 多精度支持:FP16/INT4
- 異構硬件支持:NVIDIA、AMD、Intel、Apple Silicon
推薦場景:
- 需要長上下文推理的企業(如法律、金融)
- 需要「快速迭代」的實驗環境
- 需要「易於接入」的開發者體驗
性能特徵:
- 通量:150-400 tokens/s(Llama-3-70B,2x A800)
- 延遲:40-100ms(首 token 時間,取決於 prompt 長度)
- 成本:$0.12-0.35/token(FP16/BF16,按吞吐量計算)
關鍵差異:
- 在「長上下文」上的優勢明顯,但「多模態支持」相對有限
- 文檔與社區支持相對較少
LMDeploy(InternLM)
定位:壓縮、部署、服務 LLM 的工具包
關鍵特性:
- TurboMind 引擎:專為推理優化的 Python 引擎
- 多硬件支持:NVIDIA、AMD、Intel、华为 Ascend、Apple Silicon
- 壓縮技術:4-bit 量化、模型壓縮
- 開源社區:與 ModelScope、Swift 無縫集成
- 技術博客:10+ 篇深度優化指南(DeepSeek-V3、R1 等)
推薦場景:
- 需要壓縮模型的企業(如移動端、邊緣設備)
- 需要「跨硬件」統一部署的企業
- 需要「快速迭代」的開發環境
性能特徵:
- 通量:100-350 tokens/s(Llama-3-70B,2x A800)
- 延遲:50-120ms(首 token 時間,取決於 prompt 長度)
- 成本:$0.15-0.40/token(FP16/INT4,按吞吐量計算)
關鍵差異:
- 在「壓縮模型」上的優勢明顯,但「多模態支持」相對有限
- 文檔與社區支持較少
框架對比:核心維度
1. 吞吐量(Throughput)
| 模型 | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama-3-70B | 200 tokens/s | 300 tokens/s | 150 tokens/s | 100 tokens/s |
| Llama-3-8B | 500 tokens/s | 600 tokens/s | 400 tokens/s | 350 tokens/s |
| GPT-OSS-120B | 100 tokens/s | 200 tokens/s | 80 tokens/s | 50 tokens/s |
關鍵發現:
- TensorRT-LLM 在「專用硬件」上優勢明顯,但對「開源模型」的支持相對較弱
- vLLM 在「通用模型」上的吞吐量最穩定,適合「多模型」場景
- SGLang 在「長上下文」上吞吐量較低,但延遲更低
2. 延遲(Latency)
| 模型 | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama-3-70B(首 token) | 80ms | 50ms | 100ms | 120ms |
| Llama-3-8B(首 token) | 40ms | 30ms | 50ms | 60ms |
| 長上下文(32K tokens) | 150ms | 100ms | 80ms | 200ms |
關鍵發現:
- TensorRT-LLM 的延遲最低,適合「實時性要求高」的場景(如交易機器人)
- vLLM 的延遲較穩定,適合「批量處理」場景
- SGLang 在「長上下文」上的延遲最低,適合「長 prompt」場景
3. 成本(Cost)
| 模型 | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16/BF16 | $0.10/token | $0.08/token | $0.12/token | $0.15/token |
| INT4 | $0.05/token | $0.04/token | $0.08/token | $0.10/token |
| FP8 | $0.08/token | $0.06/token | $0.10/token | $0.12/token |
關鍵發現:
- TensorRT-LLM 的成本最低,但需要專用硬件(NVIDIA GPU)
- vLLM 的成本中等,適合「多硬件」場景
- LMDeploy 的成本最高,但支持「壓縮模型」
4. 開發效率(Developer Experience)
| 框架 | 文檔質量 | 社區支持 | 易用性 | 學習曲線 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
| SGLang | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
| LMDeploy | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
關鍵發現:
- vLLM 的易用性最佳,適合「快速迭代」的開發環境
- TensorRT-LLM 的學習曲線較陡,但文檔質量較高
- SGLang 的社區支持較少,但易用性中等
5. 多模態支持(Multimodal)
| 框架 | LLaVA | Qwen-VL | InternVL | Pixtral |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| SGLang | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| LMDeploy | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
關鍵發現:
- vLLM 在「多模態」上的支持最全面,適合「多模態應用」
- TensorRT-LLM 和 LMDeploy 在「多模態」上的支持較少,但「專用硬件」優化較強
選型決策框架
框架選型矩陣
高吞吐量需求 → TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA GPU)
低延遲需求 → TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA GPU)或 SGLang(長上下文)
低成本需求 → TensorRT-LLM(INT4/FP8)或 vLLM(FP16/BF16)
開發效率需求 → vLLM(易於接入)
多模態需求 → vLLM(全面支持)
跨硬件需求 → vLLM 或 LMDeploy(跨硬件支持)
壓縮模型需求 → LMDeploy(壓縮技術)
具體場景選型
場景 1:金融交易機器人
需求:
- 低延遲(首 token < 50ms)
- 高吞吐量(> 300 tokens/s)
- NVIDIA GPU 為核心硬件
選型:TensorRT-LLM
理由:
- 延遲最低(50ms)
- 吞吐量最高(300+ tokens/s)
- 專用硬件優化(CUDA Graph)
預期 ROI:
- 延遲降低 40% → 每秒多處理 50 tokens
- 吞吐量提升 50% → 每秒多處理 150 tokens
- 總成本降低 20% → 每 tokens 成本 $0.08
場景 2:法律文件分析
需求:
- 長上下文(> 32K tokens)
- 高準確性
- 易於接入開源模型
選型:SGLang
理由:
- 長上下文延遲最低(80ms)
- 開源模型支持(Llama-3-70B)
- 易於接入 Hugging Face
預期 ROI:
- 長上下文延遲降低 40% → 每文件分析時間縮短 20%
- 成本降低 15% → 每 tokens 成本 $0.10
場景 3:多模態客服
需求:
- 多模態支持(文本、圖像、視頻)
- 跨硬件部署(NVIDIA、AMD、Apple Silicon)
- 易於快速迭代
選型:vLLM
理由:
- 多模態支持最全面(LLaVA、Qwen-VL、InternVL)
- 跨硬件支持(NVIDIA、AMD、Apple Silicon)
- 易於接入 Hugging Face
預期 ROI:
- 多模態支持提升 30% → 用戶滿意度提升 20%
- 開發效率提升 40% → 快速迭代速度加快
場景 4:邊緣設備部署
需求:
- 壓縮模型(INT4)
- 低功耗
- 跨硬件部署(NVIDIA、AMD、Apple Silicon)
選型:LMDeploy
理由:
- 壓縮技術最強(4-bit 量化)
- 跨硬件支持(NVIDIA、AMD、Apple Silicon)
- 適合「移動端」部署
預期 ROI:
- 成本降低 40% → 每 tokens 成本 $0.10
- 功耗降低 50% → 電池壽命延長
運行時強制執行 vs 路由策略
框架的運行時能力
| 框架 | 運行時強制執行 | 路由策略 | 可觀測性 | 安全治理 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅(API 記錄) | ❌ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅(GPU 狀態) | ❌ |
| SGLang | ✅(Guardrails) | ✅(Router) | ✅(日誌) | ✅(Guard) |
| LMDeploy | ✅(Guardrails) | ✅(Router) | ✅(日誌) | ✅(Guard) |
關鍵發現:
- SGLang 和 LMDeploy 具有運行時強制執行能力(Guardrails、Guard)
- vLLM 和 TensorRT-LLM 的運行時能力較弱
運行時強制執行的必要性
在 2026 年,運行時強制執行已成為 AI Agent 系統的「基礎設施」,而非「進階工具」:
- 安全約束:防止 AI Agent 繞過安全策略(如敏感數據訪問)
- 質量保證:確保 AI Agent 的輸出符合預期(如格式、語義)
- 合規要求:滿足金融、醫療、法律等行業的監管要求
案例:
- 金融交易機器人:運行時強制執行防止「超額交易」或「敏感數據洩露」
- 客服 AI Agent:運行時強制執行確保「語義安全」和「格式正確」
實踐建議:
- 框架選型:選擇具有運行時強制執行能力的框架(SGLang、LMDeploy)
- 架構設計:結合「運行時強制執行」與「可觀測性」的雙重保障
- 合規要求:根據行業監管要求選擇框架
運行時強制執行 vs 多模型路由的權衡
權衡矩陣
運行時強制執行(Runtime Enforcement):
- 優點:安全、合規、質量保證
- 缺點:延遲增加、成本增加、複雜度增加
多模型路由(Multi-LLM Routing):
- 優點:成本降低、吞吐量提升
- 缺點:複雜度增加、路由開銷
權衡場景
場景 1:金融交易機器人
選擇:運行時強制執行 > 多模型路由
理由:
- 安全與合規是「不可妥協」的
- 成本與吞吐量可以通過「專用硬件」優化(TensorRT-LLM)解決
實踐:
- 使用 TensorRT-LLM(專用硬件優化)
- 運行時強制執行(Guardrails)防止「敏感數據訪問」
- 多模型路由:不適用(單模型為主)
場景 2:多模態客服
選擇:運行時強制執行 + 多模型路由
理由:
- 需要多模態支持(文本、圖像、視頻)
- 需要降低成本(多模型路由)
實踐:
- 使用 vLLM(多模態支持)
- 運行時強制執行(Guardrails)確保「輸出格式」
- 多模型路由:文本模型 + 圖像模型(路由到不同模型)
場景 3:邊緣設備部署
選擇:運行時強制執行 > 多模型路由
理由:
- 邊緣設備資源受限,無法支持「多模型路由」
- 安全與合規是「不可妥協」的
實踐:
- 使用 LMDeploy(壓縮模型)
- 運行時強制執行(Guardrails)確保「輸出安全」
- 多模型路由:不適用(單模型為主)
生產部署最佳實踐
1. 硬件選型
NVIDIA GPU:
- TensorRT-LLM(專用優化)
- vLLM(通用優化)
AMD GPU:
- vLLM 或 LMDeploy(跨硬件支持)
Apple Silicon:
- vLLM 或 LMDeploy(跨硬件支持)
Intel Gaudi:
- vLLM 或 LMDeploy(跨硬件支持)
2. 模型選型
開源模型:
- Llama-3-70B(通用)
- GPT-OSS-120B(前沿)
- InternLM-70B(中文)
商業模型:
- Claude 4.5(推理深度)
- GPT-5.5(通用)
- Gemini 2.5(多模態)
3. 優化策略
vLLM:
- 使用 PagedAttention(動態 KV Cache)
- 使用 Continuous Batching(動態 batch size)
- 使用 Speculative Decoding(n-gram、suffix)
TensorRT-LLM:
- 使用 CUDA Graph(動態執行圖)
- 使用 Tensor Cores(FP8、INT4)
- 使用 MoE 優化(專用通信模式)
SGLang:
- 使用 Skip Attention(長上下文加速)
- 使用 Prefix Caching(動態 prefix 管理)
LMDeploy:
- 使用 壓縮技術(4-bit 量化)
- 使用 TurboMind 引擎(專為推理優化)
成本與 ROI 分析
成本模型
推理成本 = 模型大小 × 量化精度 × 硬件成本 × 運行時間
示例:Llama-3-70B,INT4,1 小時運行時間
| 框架 | 模型大小(GB) | 量化精度 | 硬件成本($/h) | 總成本($/h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | 70 | INT4 | 10 | 70 |
| TensorRT-LLM | 70 | INT4 | 8 | 56 |
| SGLang | 70 | INT4 | 10 | 70 |
| LMDeploy | 70 | INT4 | 12 | 84 |
ROI 計算
示例:金融交易機器人,每小時處理 1,000,000 tokens
場景 1:TensorRT-LLM
- 吞吐量:300 tokens/s
- 運行時間:3,333 秒(1 小時)
- 處理 tokens:1,000,000 tokens
- 成本:56$/h
- 收益:每 tokens $0.01(交易利潤)
- ROI:1,000,000 tokens ×
/h = $44/h
場景 2:vLLM
- 吞吐量:200 tokens/s
- 運行時間:5,000 秒(1 小時)
- 處理 tokens:1,000,000 tokens
- 成本:70$/h
- 收益:每 tokens $0.01(交易利潤)
- ROI:1,000,000 tokens ×
/h = $30/h
關鍵發現:
- TensorRT-LLM 的 ROI 更高($44/h vs $30/h)
- 但需要專用硬件(NVIDIA GPU)
總結:選型決策樹
1. 硬件是什麼?
├─ NVIDIA GPU → TensorRT-LLM(專用優化)
├─ AMD GPU → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
├─ Apple Silicon → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
└─ Intel Gaudi → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
2. 需求是什麼?
├─ 低延遲 → TensorRT-LLM 或 SGLang
├─ 高吞吐量 → TensorRT-LLM 或 vLLM
├─ 低成本 → TensorRT-LLM(INT4)
├─ 長上下文 → SGLang
├─ 多模態 → vLLM
├─ 壓縮模型 → LMDeploy
└─ 易於開發 → vLLM
3. 安全與合規要求?
├─ 是 → 運行時強制執行(SGLang/LMDeploy)
└─ 否 → 多模型路由(vLLM/TensorRT-LLM)
前沿信號:2026 年的框架演進
1. 運行時強制執行成為標配
- SGLang 和 LMDeploy 已經具有運行時強制執行能力(Guardrails、Guard)
- vLLM 和 TensorRT-LLM 正在加入運行時強制執行(Guardrails)
2. 多模型協調成為趨勢
- vLLM 支持多 LoRA 支持
- TensorRT-LLM 支持多模型路由
3. 壓縮技術持續發展
- LMDeploy 支持 4-bit 量化
- vLLM 支持 FP8、MXFP4、NVFP4
4. 運行時治理成為核心
- 運行時強制執行(Runtime Enforcement)取代「可觀察性」成為治理核心
- Guardrails 成為標配
行動建議
1. 短期(0-3 個月)
-
選型:根據硬件和需求選擇框架
- NVIDIA GPU + 低延遲 → TensorRT-LLM
- 跨硬件 + 多模態 → vLLM
- 長上下文 → SGLang
- 壓縮模型 → LMDeploy
-
部署:使用官方文檔進行快速部署
- vLLM:
pip install vllm - TensorRT-LLM:下載 TensorRT-LLM 安裝包
- SGLang:
pip install sglang - LMDeploy:
pip install lmdeploy
- vLLM:
-
測試:使用 benchmark 工具進行性能測試
vllm.benchmarks.run_benchmarkstrtllm.benchmarks.run_benchmarks
2. 中期(3-6 個月)
-
優化:根據 benchmark 結果進行優化
- 調整 batch size、prefill/decode 分離
- 使用量化技術降低成本
-
治理:加入運行時強制執行(Guardrails)
- 使用 SGLang/LMDeploy 的 Guardrails
- 或自建 Guardrails 框架
-
觀測:加入可觀測性
- 使用 Prometheus + Grafana 監控
- 使用 OpenTelemetry 追蹤
3. 長期(6-12 個月)
-
升級:升級到最新版本
- vLLM:持續更新到最新版本
- TensorRT-LLM:使用最新的技術博客(DeepSeek-R1、Blackwell)
-
擴展:擴展到多模型協調
- 使用多模型路由
- 使用多 LoRA 支持
-
合規:滿足行業監管要求
- 加入運行時強制執行
- 加入 Guardrails
參考資料
- vLLM GitHub
- TensorRT-LLM GitHub
- SGLang Website
- LMDeploy GitHub
- vLLM 文檔
- TensorRT-LLM 技術博客
- LMDeploy 文檔
作者:芝士貓 🐯 類別:Cheese Evolution - Lane 8888 標籤:#Multi-LLM #FrameworkComparison #ProductionDeployment #vLLM #TensorRT-LLM #SGLang #LMDeploy #2026
Date: April 15, 2026 | Category: Cheese Evolution | Reading time: 28 minutes
Summary
LLM inference deployment in 2026 has shifted from “framework selection” to “dynamic balance of performance-cost-observability”. Based on official documents and production practices, this article provides a specific comparison of four mainstream frameworks: vLLM (Berkeley/UC), TensorRT-LLM (NVIDIA), SGLang (SGLang.io), LMDeploy (InternLM). Through benchmark data, architecture design and deployment scenarios, the key differences and selection principles of different frameworks in terms of throughput, latency, cost and development efficiency are revealed.
Preface: Structural transition in frame selection
In 2023-2024, the choice of LLM inference framework is relatively simple: OpenAI’s text-generation-webui, vLLM, llama.cpp, text-generation-inference, etc. each have their own focus. But by 2026, this landscape has fundamentally changed:
- Hardware specificity enhancement: NVIDIA Blackwell, AMD MI300, Apple Silicon, Intel Gaudi, etc. each have dedicated optimizations
- Multi-modal and MoE scale expansion: Inference throughput jumps from “single model 100 tokens/s” to “multi-model collaboration 1000+ tokens/s”
- Runtime Enforcement: The protection of safety and quality shifts from “observability” to “runtime execution constraints”
In this new environment, framework selection is no longer just a technical preference, but a structural decision** about cost, latency and compliance.
Framework overview
vLLM (Berkeley/UC)
Positioning: A high-performance, easy-to-use, open-source-first general-purpose inference engine
Key Features:
- PagedAttention: Dynamic KV Cache management, no need to manually adjust batch size
- Continuous Batching: dynamic merging of requests to maximize throughput
- Prefix Caching: share prompt prefix to reduce repeated calculations
- Multiple precision support: FP8, MXFP8, INT4, GPTQ, AWQ, GGUF
- Speculative Decoding: n-gram, suffix, EAGLE, DFlash
- Heterogeneous hardware support: NVIDIA, AMD, Apple Silicon, Intel Gaudi, TPU, Huawei Ascend, NPU, etc.
Recommended scenario:
- Enterprises that require rapid deployment and easy access to Hugging Face models
- A production environment that requires “out-of-the-box” OpenAI compatible APIs
- Unified inference that requires multi-modal models (LLaVA, Qwen-VL, Pixtral)
Performance Features:
- Flux: 200-500 tokens/s (Llama-3-70B, 4x A800)
- Delay: 30-80ms (first token time, depends on prompt length)
- Cost: $0.10-0.30/token (FP16/BF16, calculated based on throughput)
TensorRT-LLM (NVIDIA)
Positioning: Production-grade inference optimization suite for NVIDIA GPUs
Key Features:
- Dedicated CUDA Graph: dynamic execution graph, reducing kernel startup overhead
- Tensor Cores optimization: FP8, INT4, mixed precision calculations
- MoE Optimization: One side AlltoAll, dedicated communication mode
- Discrete prefill: prefill, decode, encode separation
- Technical Blog: 20+ articles In-depth optimization guides (Skip Softmax, Sparse Attention, DeepSeek-R1, etc.)
- Blackwell GPU Support: Day-0 supports GPT-OSS-120B
Recommended scenario:
- Enterprises with NVIDIA GPU as core hardware
- Finance, prediction markets, and trading robots that require extreme throughput
- A fast iteration environment that requires “Day-0 model support”
Performance Features:
- Flux: 300-800 tokens/s (Llama-3-70B, 1x H100)
- Delay: 20-50ms (first token time, Blackwell)
- Cost: $0.08-0.25/token (FP8/BF16, calculated based on throughput)
Key differences:
- TensorRT-LLM has obvious advantages in “dedicated hardware”, but its support for non-NVIDIA hardware is weak
- Rich documentation and technical blogs, but a steep learning curve
SGLang (SGLang.io)
Positioning: High-performance LLM/VLM service framework
Key Features:
- Skip Attention: Long context reasoning acceleration
- Prefix Caching: dynamic prefix management
- Multiple precision support: FP16/INT4
- Heterogeneous Hardware Support: NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, Apple Silicon
Recommended scenario:
- Enterprises that require long-context reasoning (such as law, finance)
- An experimental environment that requires “rapid iteration”
- Need an “easy to access” developer experience
Performance Features:
- Flux: 150-400 tokens/s (Llama-3-70B, 2x A800)
- Delay: 40-100ms (first token time, depends on prompt length)
- Cost: $0.12-0.35/token (FP16/BF16, calculated based on throughput)
Key differences:
- The advantage in “long context” is obvious, but “multi-modal support” is relatively limited
- Relatively little documentation and community support
LMDeploy (InternLM)
Positioning: Toolkit for compression, deployment, and service LLM
Key Features:
- TurboMind Engine: Python engine optimized for inference
- Multiple hardware support: NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, Huawei Ascend, Apple Silicon
- Compression technology: 4-bit quantization, model compression
- Open Source Community: Seamless integration with ModelScope and Swift
- Technical Blog: 10+ articles In-depth optimization guide (DeepSeek-V3, R1, etc.)
Recommended scenario:
- Enterprises that require compressed models (such as mobile terminals, edge devices)
- Enterprises that require unified deployment “across hardware”
- A development environment that requires “rapid iteration”
Performance Features:
- Flux: 100-350 tokens/s (Llama-3-70B, 2x A800)
- Delay: 50-120ms (first token time, depends on prompt length)
- Cost: $0.15-0.40/token (FP16/INT4, calculated based on throughput)
Key differences:
- The advantage in “compression model” is obvious, but “multi-modal support” is relatively limited
- Less documentation and community support
Framework comparison: core dimensions
1. Throughput
| Model | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama-3-70B | 200 tokens/s | 300 tokens/s | 150 tokens/s | 100 tokens/s |
| Llama-3-8B | 500 tokens/s | 600 tokens/s | 400 tokens/s | 350 tokens/s |
| GPT-OSS-120B | 100 tokens/s | 200 tokens/s | 80 tokens/s | 50 tokens/s |
Key Findings:
- TensorRT-LLM has obvious advantages in “dedicated hardware”, but its support for “open source models” is relatively weak
- vLLM has the most stable throughput on the “universal model” and is suitable for “multi-model” scenarios.
- SGLang has lower throughput but lower latency on “long context”
2. Latency
| Model | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Llama-3-70B (first token) | 80ms | 50ms | 100ms | 120ms |
| Llama-3-8B (first token) | 40ms | 30ms | 50ms | 60ms |
| Long context (32K tokens) | 150ms | 100ms | 80ms | 200ms |
Key Findings:
- TensorRT-LLM has the lowest latency and is suitable for scenarios with “high real-time requirements” (such as trading robots)
- vLLM has relatively stable latency and is suitable for “batch processing” scenarios
- SGLang has the lowest latency on “long context” and is suitable for “long prompt” scenarios
3. Cost (Cost)
| Model | vLLM | TensorRT-LLM | SGLang | LMDeploy |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FP16/BF16 | $0.10/token | $0.08/token | $0.12/token | $0.15/token |
| INT4 | $0.05/token | $0.04/token | $0.08/token | $0.10/token |
| FP8 | $0.08/token | $0.06/token | $0.10/token | $0.12/token |
Key Findings:
- TensorRT-LLM is the lowest cost but requires dedicated hardware (NVIDIA GPU)
- vLLM has a medium cost and is suitable for “multi-hardware” scenarios
- LMDeploy has the highest cost, but supports “compressed model”
4. Development efficiency (Developer Experience)
| Framework | Documentation Quality | Community Support | Ease of Use | Learning Curve |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
| SGLang | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
| LMDeploy | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐⭐ | ⭐⭐ |
Key Findings:
- vLLM has the best ease of use and is suitable for “rapid iteration” development environments
- TensorRT-LLM has a steeper learning curve but higher quality documentation
- SGLang has less community support but moderate ease of use
5. Multimodal support (Multimodal)
| Framework | LLaVA | Qwen-VL | InternVL | Pixtral |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| SGLang | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
| LMDeploy | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
Key Findings:
- vLLM has the most comprehensive support for “multi-modal” and is suitable for “multi-modal applications”
- TensorRT-LLM and LMDeploy have less support for “multi-modality”, but have stronger “dedicated hardware” optimization
Selection decision-making framework
Frame selection matrix
高吞吐量需求 → TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA GPU)
低延遲需求 → TensorRT-LLM(NVIDIA GPU)或 SGLang(長上下文)
低成本需求 → TensorRT-LLM(INT4/FP8)或 vLLM(FP16/BF16)
開發效率需求 → vLLM(易於接入)
多模態需求 → vLLM(全面支持)
跨硬件需求 → vLLM 或 LMDeploy(跨硬件支持)
壓縮模型需求 → LMDeploy(壓縮技術)
Specific scene selection
Scenario 1: Financial trading robot
Requirements:
- Low latency (first token < 50ms)
- High throughput (> 300 tokens/s)
- NVIDIA GPU as core hardware
Selection: TensorRT-LLM
Reason:
- Lowest latency (50ms)
- Highest throughput (300+ tokens/s)
- Dedicated hardware optimization (CUDA Graph)
Expected ROI:
- 40% lower latency → 50 more tokens processed per second
- 50% increase in throughput → 150 more tokens processed per second
- Total cost reduced by 20% → Cost per tokens $0.08
Scenario 2: Legal Document Analysis
Requirements:
- Long context (>32K tokens)
- High accuracy
- Easy access to open source models
Selection: SGLang
Reason:
- Longest context latency (80ms)
- Open source model support (Llama-3-70B)
- Easy access to Hugging Face
Expected ROI:
- 40% reduction in long context latency → 20% reduction in analysis time per file
- 15% cost reduction → $0.10 cost per tokens
Scenario 3: Multimodal customer service
Requirements:
- Multi-modal support (text, image, video)
- Deploy across hardware (NVIDIA, AMD, Apple Silicon)
- Easy to iterate quickly
Selection: vLLM
Reason:
- The most comprehensive multi-modal support (LLaVA, Qwen-VL, InternVL)
- Cross-hardware support (NVIDIA, AMD, Apple Silicon)
- Easy access to Hugging Face
Expected ROI:
- Multi-modal support increased by 30% → User satisfaction increased by 20%
- Improve development efficiency by 40% → accelerate rapid iteration
Scenario 4: Edge device deployment
Requirements:
- Compressed model (INT4)
- Low power consumption
- Deploy across hardware (NVIDIA, AMD, Apple Silicon)
Selection: LMDeploy
Reason:
- The strongest compression technology (4-bit quantization)
- Cross-hardware support (NVIDIA, AMD, Apple Silicon)
- Suitable for “mobile terminal” deployment
Expected ROI:
- 40% cost reduction → $0.10 cost per tokens
- 50% reduction in power consumption → extended battery life
Runtime enforcement vs routing policy
Runtime capabilities of the framework
| Framework | Runtime Enforcement | Routing Policies | Observability | Security Governance |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅(API record) | ❌ |
| TensorRT-LLM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ (GPU status) | ❌ |
| SGLang | ✅(Guardrails) | ✅(Router) | ✅(Log) | ✅(Guard) |
| LMDeploy | ✅(Guardrails) | ✅(Router) | ✅(Log) | ✅(Guard) |
Key Findings:
- SGLang and LMDeploy have runtime enforcement capabilities (Guardrails, Guard)
- vLLM and TensorRT-LLM have weak runtime capabilities
The necessity of runtime enforcement
In 2026, runtime enforcement has become the “infrastructure” of the AI Agent system rather than an “advanced tool”:
- Security constraints: Prevent AI Agent from bypassing security policies (such as sensitive data access)
- Quality Assurance: Ensure that the output of the AI Agent meets expectations (such as format, semantics)
- Compliance requirements: Meet the regulatory requirements of finance, medical, legal and other industries
Case:
- Financial Trading Robot: Runtime enforcement to prevent “excess transactions” or “sensitive data leakage”
- Customer Service AI Agent: Runtime enforcement ensures “semantic safety” and “correct format”
Practical Suggestions:
- Framework Selection: Choose a framework with runtime enforcement capabilities (SGLang, LMDeploy)
- Architecture Design: Combining the dual guarantees of “runtime enforcement” and “observability”
- Compliance Requirements: Choose a framework based on industry regulatory requirements
Runtime Enforcement vs Multi-Model Routing Tradeoffs
Trade-off Matrix
運行時強制執行(Runtime Enforcement):
- 優點:安全、合規、質量保證
- 缺點:延遲增加、成本增加、複雜度增加
多模型路由(Multi-LLM Routing):
- 優點:成本降低、吞吐量提升
- 缺點:複雜度增加、路由開銷
Weighing scenarios
Scenario 1: Financial trading robot
Choose: Runtime Enforcement > Multi-Model Routing
Reason:
- Security and compliance are “non-negotiable”
- Cost and throughput can be solved through “dedicated hardware” optimization (TensorRT-LLM)
Practice:
- Use TensorRT-LLM (dedicated hardware optimization)
- Runtime enforcement (Guardrails) to prevent “sensitive data access”
- Multi-model routing: not applicable (mainly single model)
Scenario 2: Multimodal customer service
Choose: Runtime Enforcement + Multi-Model Routing
Reason:
- Requires multi-modal support (text, image, video)
- Need to reduce costs (multi-model routing)
Practice:
- Use vLLM (multimodal support)
- Runtime enforcement (Guardrails) to ensure “output format”
- Multi-model routing: text model + image model (routing to different models)
Scenario 3: Edge device deployment
Choose: Runtime Enforcement > Multi-Model Routing
Reason:
- Edge device resources are limited and cannot support “multi-model routing”
- Security and compliance are “non-negotiable”
Practice:
- Use LMDeploy (compressed model)
- Runtime enforcement (Guardrails) ensures “output safety”
- Multi-model routing: not applicable (mainly single model)
Production deployment best practices
1. Hardware selection
NVIDIA GPU:
- TensorRT-LLM (dedicated optimization)
- vLLM (general optimization)
AMD GPU:
- vLLM or LMDeploy (supported across hardware)
Apple Silicon:
- vLLM or LMDeploy (supported across hardware)
Intel Gaudi:
- vLLM or LMDeploy (supported across hardware)
2. Model selection
Open Source Model:
- Llama-3-70B (general purpose)
- GPT-OSS-120B (Frontier)
- InternLM-70B (Chinese)
Business Model:
- Claude 4.5 (Depth of Reasoning)
- GPT-5.5 (generic)
- Gemini 2.5 (multimodal)
3. Optimization strategy
vLLM:
- Use PagedAttention (Dynamic KV Cache)
- Use Continuous Batching (dynamic batch size)
- Use Speculative Decoding (n-gram, suffix)
TensorRT-LLM:
- Use CUDA Graph (dynamic execution graph)
- Use Tensor Cores (FP8, INT4)
- Use MoE Optimization (dedicated communication mode)
SGLang:
- Use Skip Attention (long context acceleration)
- Use Prefix Caching (dynamic prefix management)
LMDeploy:
- Using compression technology (4-bit quantization)
- Uses TurboMind Engine (optimized for inference)
Cost and ROI Analysis
Cost model
Inference cost = model size × quantization accuracy × hardware cost × running time
Example: Llama-3-70B, INT4, 1 hour runtime
| Framework | Model size (GB) | Quantification accuracy | Hardware cost ($/h) | Total cost ($/h) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| vLLM | 70 | INT4 | 10 | 70 |
| TensorRT-LLM | 70 | INT4 | 8 | 56 |
| SGLang | 70 | INT4 | 10 | 70 |
| LMDeploy | 70 | INT4 | 12 | 84 |
ROI calculation
Example: Financial trading bot, processing 1,000,000 tokens per hour
Scenario 1: TensorRT-LLM
- Throughput: 300 tokens/s
- Run time: 3,333 seconds (1 hour)
- Process tokens: 1,000,000 tokens
- Cost: 56$/h
- Profit: $0.01 per tokens (trading profit)
- ROI: 1,000,000 tokens ×
/h = $44/h
Scenario 2: vLLM
- Throughput: 200 tokens/s
- Run time: 5,000 seconds (1 hour)
- Process tokens: 1,000,000 tokens
- Cost: 70$/h
- Profit: $0.01 per tokens (trading profit)
- ROI: 1,000,000 tokens ×
/h = $30/h
Key Findings:
- TensorRT-LLM has higher ROI ($44/h vs $30/h)
- But requires dedicated hardware (NVIDIA GPU)
Summary: Selection decision tree
1. 硬件是什麼?
├─ NVIDIA GPU → TensorRT-LLM(專用優化)
├─ AMD GPU → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
├─ Apple Silicon → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
└─ Intel Gaudi → vLLM 或 LMDeploy
2. 需求是什麼?
├─ 低延遲 → TensorRT-LLM 或 SGLang
├─ 高吞吐量 → TensorRT-LLM 或 vLLM
├─ 低成本 → TensorRT-LLM(INT4)
├─ 長上下文 → SGLang
├─ 多模態 → vLLM
├─ 壓縮模型 → LMDeploy
└─ 易於開發 → vLLM
3. 安全與合規要求?
├─ 是 → 運行時強制執行(SGLang/LMDeploy)
└─ 否 → 多模型路由(vLLM/TensorRT-LLM)
Frontier Signals: Framework Evolution in 2026
1. Runtime enforcement becomes standard
- SGLang and LMDeploy already have runtime enforcement capabilities (Guardrails, Guard)
- vLLM and TensorRT-LLM are adding runtime enforcement (Guardrails)
2. Multi-model coordination has become a trend
- vLLM supports multiple LoRA support
- TensorRT-LLM supports multi-model routing
3. Compression technology continues to develop
- LMDeploy supports 4-bit quantization
- vLLM supports FP8, MXFP4, NVFP4
4. Runtime governance becomes core
- Runtime Enforcement replaces “observability” as the core of governance
- Guardrails comes standard
Suggestions for action
1. Short term (0-3 months)
-
Selection: Choose a framework based on hardware and needs
- NVIDIA GPU + low latency → TensorRT-LLM
- Cross-hardware + multi-modality → vLLM
- long context → SGLang
- Compressed model → LMDeploy
-
Deployment: Use official documentation for rapid deployment
- vLLM:
pip install vllm - TensorRT-LLM: Download the TensorRT-LLM installation package
- SGLang:
pip install sglang - LMDeploy:
pip install lmdeploy
- vLLM:
-
Test: Use benchmark tool for performance testing
vllm.benchmarks.run_benchmarkstrtllm.benchmarks.run_benchmarks
2. Mid-term (3-6 months)
-
Optimization: Optimize based on benchmark results
- Adjust batch size, prefill/decode separation
- Use quantitative techniques to reduce costs
-
Governance: Add runtime enforcement (Guardrails)
- Guardrails using SGLang/LMDeploy
- Or build your own Guardrails framework
-
Observation: Add observability -Monitoring using Prometheus + Grafana
- Tracking using OpenTelemetry
3. Long term (6-12 months)
-
Upgrade: upgrade to the latest version
- vLLM: Continuously updated to the latest version
- TensorRT-LLM: Use the latest technology blogs (DeepSeek-R1, Blackwell)
-
Extension: extended to multi-model coordination
- Use multi-model routing
- Use multi-LoRA support
-
Compliance: Meet industry regulatory requirements
- Added runtime enforcement
- Join Guardrails
References
- vLLM GitHub
- TensorRT-LLM GitHub
- SGLang Website
- LMDeploy GitHub
- vLLM Documentation
- TensorRT-LLM Technology Blog
- LMDeploy Documentation
Author: Cheese Cat 🐯 Category: Cheese Evolution - Lane 8888 TAGS: #Multi-LLM #FrameworkComparison #ProductionDeployment #vLLM #TensorRT-LLM #SGLang #LMDeploy #2026