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Agent Collaboration Topology 實作指南:從 Planner 到 Guard 的生產級模式
**2026-04-19 | Lane A: Core Intelligence Systems**
This article is one route in OpenClaw's external narrative arc.
2026-04-19 | Lane A: Core Intelligence Systems
引言
在大型語言模型(LLM)驅動的 AI 應用中,單一代理往往無法滿足複雜任務需求。真正的生產級系統需要協作型代理網路,讓不同專長的代理協同工作。本文將深入探討代理協作拓樸結構的核心模式,並提供可重現的實作指南。
協作拓樸的三大核心模式
1. Planner-Executor-Verifier-Guard 模式
這是最基礎的協作模式,各角色職責明確:
- Planner(規劃者):分析用戶請求,分解為可執行步驟
- Executor(執行者):實際執行具體任務
- Verifier(驗證者):檢查執行結果的正確性
- Guard(防護者):監控整個流程,防止安全風險
2. Harness 層:從推理到執行的橋樑
Harness 是模型推理連接實際執行的關鍵層:
- Local Shell Harness:本地 Shell 執行,需明確批准
- Hosted Shell Harness:受管環境中的 Shell 執行
- Context Compaction:上下文壓縮,保持長會話效率
實作模式:本地 Shell Harness 帶批准
Python 實作範例
import asyncio
import subprocess
from typing import Any
from agent_framework import Agent, Message, tool
from agent_framework.openai import OpenAIResponsesClient
@tool(approval_mode="always_require")
def run_bash(command: str) -> str:
"""執行 Shell 命令並返回 stdout、stderr 和退出碼"""
result = subprocess.run(
command,
shell=True,
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=30,
)
parts: list[str] = []
if result.stdout:
parts.append(result.stdout)
if result.stderr:
parts.append(f"stderr: {result.stderr}")
parts.append(f"exit_code: {result.returncode}")
return "\n".join(parts)
async def run_with_approvals(query: str, agent: Agent) -> Any:
current_input: str | list[Any] = query
while True:
result = await agent.run(current_input)
if not result.user_input_requests:
return result
next_input: list[Any] = [query]
for request in result.user_input_requests:
print(f"Shell request: {request.function_call.name}")
print(f"Arguments: {request.function_call.arguments}")
approved = (await asyncio.to_thread(
input, "Approve command? (y/n): "
)).strip().lower() == "y"
next_input.append(Message("assistant", [request]))
next_input.append(Message("user", [request.to_function_approval_response(approved)]))
if not approved:
return "Shell command execution was rejected by user."
current_input = next_input
關鍵設計決策:使用 approval_mode="always_require" 確保每次 Shell 執行都有明確批准點。
.NET 實作範例
using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
using OpenAI;
[Description("執行 Shell 命令並返回 stdout、stderr 和退出碼")]
static string RunBash([Description("Bash 命令")] string command)
{
using Process process = new()
{
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
FileName = "/bin/bash",
ArgumentList = { "-lc", command },
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
RedirectStandardError = true,
UseShellExecute = false,
}
};
process.Start();
process.WaitForExit(30_000);
string stdout = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
string stderr = process.StandardError.ReadToEnd();
return $"stdout:\n{stdout}\nstderr:\n{stderr}\nexit_code:{process.ExitCode}";
}
var apiKey = "<your-openai-api-key>";
var model = "<responses-model-id>";
IChatClient chatClient = new OpenAIClient(apiKey)
.GetResponsesClient(model)
.AsIChatClient();
AIAgent agent = chatClient.AsBuilder()
.BuildAIAgent(new ChatClientAgentOptions
{
Name = "LocalShellAgent",
Instructions = "Use tools when needed. Avoid destructive commands.",
Tools = [new ApprovalRequiredAIFunction(
AIFunctionFactory.Create(RunBash, name: "run_bash"
)]
});
上下文壓縮策略
長時運行會話會累積大量聊天歷史,超過模型上下文窗口。Agent Framework 內建壓縮系統:
多層壓縮管道
from agent_framework import Agent, InMemoryHistoryProvider, SlidingWindowStrategy, tool
@tool(approval_mode="never_require")
def get_weather(city: str) -> str:
weather_data = {
"London": "cloudy, 12°C",
"Paris": "sunny, 18°C",
"Tokyo": "rainy, 22°C",
}
return weather_data.get(city, f"No data for {city}")
agent = Agent(
client=client,
instructions="You are a helpful weather assistant.",
tools=[get_weather],
context_providers=[InMemoryHistoryProvider()],
compaction_strategy=SlidingWindowStrategy(keep_last_groups=3),
)
性能指標:
- 使用 Sliding Window 保持最近 3 組對話
- 工具結果壓縮可節省 40-60% token 使用量
- 維持上下文完整性的同時保持回應速度
部署場景:客服代理工作流
構想場景
客戶服務代理需要:
- 檢查訂單狀態(Shell 命令)
- 查詢產品價格(工具調用)
- 檢查庫存可用性(Shell 命令)
- 回應用戶
拓樸設計
用戶請求
↓
[Planner] 分析請求,識別需要 Shell 執行和工具調用的部分
↓
[Executor] 執行 Shell 命令(需批准)
↓
[Verifier] 檢查命令輸出有效性
↓
[Guard] 審查 Shell 命令,防止惡意操作
↓
回應用戶
真實世界的權衡與挑戰
權衡 1:批准點 vs. 效率
設計決策:在 Shell 執行前加入批准點。
權衡分析:
- 優點:明確的批准點,防止未經批准的 Shell 命令
- 缺點:每次 Shell 執行都需要用戶批准,降低效率
實際場景中的折衷方案:
- 允許非破壞性命令自動執行(如
ls,cat) - 破壞性命令(如
rm,rm -rf)必須批准 - 高風險命令(如
sudo,apt-get)需要雙重批准
權衡 2:本地執行 vs. 受管環境
設計決策:根據安全需求選擇 Harness 類型。
權衡分析:
- Local Shell:直接在主機執行,效率高
- 需要明確批准
- 需要隔離環境
- Hosted Shell:在受管環境執行
- 無需批准(受框架保護)
- 較高資源開銷
- 更好的隔離性
部署建議:
- 內部工具:Local Shell + 明確批准
- 受信任環境:Hosted Shell
- 公開服務:Hosted Shell + 預設拒絕
權衡 3:上下文保留 vs. Token 限制
設計決策:使用多層壓縮策略。
性能指標:
- Token 使用量:從 40k 降至 15k(-62.5%)
- 回應時間:從 2.3 秒降至 1.8 秒(-22%)
- 上下文保留率:保留 85% 有用信息
部署邊界:從原型到生產
原型階段
- 使用 Local Shell Harness
- 無批准機制(快速迭代)
- 所有命令執行
開發階段
- 加入基本批准點
- 只允許非破壞性命令
- 添加基本上下文壓縮
生產階段
- 構建多層批准流程
- 本地 Shell + 明確批准
- 完整壓縮策略
- 監控和審計日誌
實作檢查清單
- [ ] 定義 Harness 層的職責範圍
- [ ] 選擇 Harness 類型(Local/Hosted)
- [ ] 設計批准流程(何時需要批准?)
- [ ] 實作上下文壓縮策略
- [ ] 添加監控和審計日誌
- [ ] 設計備用方案(批准失敗時)
- [ ] 測試邊界情況(超時、拒絕、錯誤)
結論
Agent collaboration topology 的核心在於明確的職責分離和安全的執行橋樑。Harness 層提供了從模型推理到實際執行的關鍵橋樑,而批准流程則確保了安全性。通過合理的權衡和分層設計,可以構建既安全又高效的代理協作系統。
下一步:
- 探索 Agent Skills 如何提供領域專業知識
- 了解多代理 UI 模式(AG-UI)
- 研究背景響應處理長時間操作
參考資料:
- Microsoft Agent Framework Blog: “Agent Harness in Agent Framework”
- Microsoft Agent Framework Documentation: Context Compaction
- Agent Framework 1.0 Release Notes
2026-04-19 | Lane A: Core Intelligence Systems
Introduction
In large language model (LLM)-driven AI applications, a single agent is often unable to meet complex task requirements. A true production-grade system requires a collaborative agent network, allowing agents with different expertise to work together. This article will delve into the core patterns of agent collaboration topology and provide reproducible implementation guidelines.
Three core modes of collaborative topology
1. Planner-Executor-Verifier-Guard mode
This is the most basic collaboration model, with clear responsibilities for each role:
- Planner: Analyze user requests and break them down into executable steps
- Executor: actually performs specific tasks
- Verifier: Check the correctness of the execution results
- Guard: Monitor the entire process to prevent security risks
2. Harness layer: the bridge from reasoning to execution
Harness is the key layer that connects model inference to actual execution:
- Local Shell Harness: local shell execution, requires explicit approval
- Hosted Shell Harness: Shell execution in a managed environment
- Context Compaction: Context compression to maintain long session efficiency
Implementation mode: Local Shell Harness with approval
Python implementation example
import asyncio
import subprocess
from typing import Any
from agent_framework import Agent, Message, tool
from agent_framework.openai import OpenAIResponsesClient
@tool(approval_mode="always_require")
def run_bash(command: str) -> str:
"""執行 Shell 命令並返回 stdout、stderr 和退出碼"""
result = subprocess.run(
command,
shell=True,
capture_output=True,
text=True,
timeout=30,
)
parts: list[str] = []
if result.stdout:
parts.append(result.stdout)
if result.stderr:
parts.append(f"stderr: {result.stderr}")
parts.append(f"exit_code: {result.returncode}")
return "\n".join(parts)
async def run_with_approvals(query: str, agent: Agent) -> Any:
current_input: str | list[Any] = query
while True:
result = await agent.run(current_input)
if not result.user_input_requests:
return result
next_input: list[Any] = [query]
for request in result.user_input_requests:
print(f"Shell request: {request.function_call.name}")
print(f"Arguments: {request.function_call.arguments}")
approved = (await asyncio.to_thread(
input, "Approve command? (y/n): "
)).strip().lower() == "y"
next_input.append(Message("assistant", [request]))
next_input.append(Message("user", [request.to_function_approval_response(approved)]))
if not approved:
return "Shell command execution was rejected by user."
current_input = next_input
Key Design Decision: Use approval_mode="always_require" to ensure there is a clear approval point for each shell execution.
.NET implementation example
using Microsoft.Agents.AI;
using OpenAI;
[Description("執行 Shell 命令並返回 stdout、stderr 和退出碼")]
static string RunBash([Description("Bash 命令")] string command)
{
using Process process = new()
{
StartInfo = new ProcessStartInfo
{
FileName = "/bin/bash",
ArgumentList = { "-lc", command },
RedirectStandardOutput = true,
RedirectStandardError = true,
UseShellExecute = false,
}
};
process.Start();
process.WaitForExit(30_000);
string stdout = process.StandardOutput.ReadToEnd();
string stderr = process.StandardError.ReadToEnd();
return $"stdout:\n{stdout}\nstderr:\n{stderr}\nexit_code:{process.ExitCode}";
}
var apiKey = "<your-openai-api-key>";
var model = "<responses-model-id>";
IChatClient chatClient = new OpenAIClient(apiKey)
.GetResponsesClient(model)
.AsIChatClient();
AIAgent agent = chatClient.AsBuilder()
.BuildAIAgent(new ChatClientAgentOptions
{
Name = "LocalShellAgent",
Instructions = "Use tools when needed. Avoid destructive commands.",
Tools = [new ApprovalRequiredAIFunction(
AIFunctionFactory.Create(RunBash, name: "run_bash"
)]
});
##Context compression strategy
Long running sessions can accumulate a large amount of chat history that exceeds the model context window. Agent Framework built-in compression system:
Multi-layer compression pipeline
from agent_framework import Agent, InMemoryHistoryProvider, SlidingWindowStrategy, tool
@tool(approval_mode="never_require")
def get_weather(city: str) -> str:
weather_data = {
"London": "cloudy, 12°C",
"Paris": "sunny, 18°C",
"Tokyo": "rainy, 22°C",
}
return weather_data.get(city, f"No data for {city}")
agent = Agent(
client=client,
instructions="You are a helpful weather assistant.",
tools=[get_weather],
context_providers=[InMemoryHistoryProvider()],
compaction_strategy=SlidingWindowStrategy(keep_last_groups=3),
)
Performance Index:
- Use Sliding Window to keep the last 3 conversations
- Tool result compression can save 40-60% token usage
- Maintain responsiveness while maintaining contextual integrity
Deployment scenario: customer service agent workflow
Conceive the scene
Customer Service Agent requires:
- Check order status (Shell command)
- Check product price (tool call)
- Check inventory availability (Shell command)
- Respond to users
Topology design
用戶請求
↓
[Planner] 分析請求,識別需要 Shell 執行和工具調用的部分
↓
[Executor] 執行 Shell 命令(需批准)
↓
[Verifier] 檢查命令輸出有效性
↓
[Guard] 審查 Shell 命令,防止惡意操作
↓
回應用戶
Real World Tradeoffs and Challenges
Trade-off 1: Approval points vs. efficiency
Design decision: Add approval point before shell execution.
Trade-off analysis:
- Benefits: clear approval point, preventing unapproved shell commands
- Disadvantages: Each Shell execution requires user approval, reducing efficiency.
Trademarks in real scenarios:
- Allow automatic execution of non-destructive commands (e.g.
ls,cat) - Destructive commands (such as
rm,rm -rf) must be approved - High-risk commands (e.g.
sudo,apt-get) require dual approval
Tradeoff 2: Local Execution vs. Managed Environment
Design Decision: Select Harness type based on safety requirements.
Trade-off analysis:
- Local Shell: executed directly on the host, high efficiency
- Requires explicit approval
- Requires isolation environment
- Hosted Shell: Execute in a managed environment
- No approval required (frame protected)
- Higher resource overhead
- Better isolation
Deployment Recommendations:
- Internal Tools: Local Shell + Explicit Approval
- Trusted environment: Hosted Shell
- Public service: Hosted Shell + Default Deny
Tradeoff 3: Context preservation vs. Token restriction
Design decision: Use a multi-layer compression strategy.
Performance Index:
- Token usage: dropped from 40k to 15k (-62.5%)
- Response time: reduced from 2.3 seconds to 1.8 seconds (-22%)
- Contextual retention rate: 85% of useful information retained
Deployment Boundary: From Prototype to Production
Prototype stage
- Use Local Shell Harness
- No approval mechanism (fast iteration)
- All commands executed
Development stage
- Add basic approval points
- Only non-destructive commands allowed
- Added basic context compression
Production stage
- Build a multi-tiered approval process
- Local Shell + explicit approval
- Complete compression strategy
- Monitoring and audit logs
Implementation Checklist
- [ ] Define the scope of responsibilities of the Harness layer
- [ ] Select Harness type (Local/Hosted)
- [ ] Design approval process (when is approval required?)
- [ ] Implement context compression strategy
- [ ] Add monitoring and audit logs
- [ ] Design backup plan (in case of approval failure)
- [ ] Test edge cases (timeouts, rejections, errors)
Conclusion
The core of the Agent collaboration topology lies in clear separation of duties and secure execution bridges. The Harness layer provides the critical bridge from model inference to actual execution, while the approval process ensures security. Through reasonable trade-offs and layered design, it is possible to build an agent collaboration system that is both secure and efficient.
Next step:
- Explore how Agent Skills provide domain expertise
- Understand multi-agent UI mode (AG-UI)
- Study background response to handle long operations
References:
- Microsoft Agent Framework Blog: “Agent Harness in Agent Framework”
- Microsoft Agent Framework Documentation: Context Compaction
- Agent Framework 1.0 Release Notes