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OpenClaw Provider Plugins 架構深度解析
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前言
在 OpenClaw v2026.3.12 的重大更新中,最引人注目的架构變革之一是「Models/plugins:將 Ollama、vLLM 和 SGLang 移至 provider-plugin 架構」。這個變革不僅影響了使用者體驗,更從底層提升了系統的模組化和可維護性。
本文將深入解析這個新架構的設計理念、實作細節以及對使用者的影響。
為什麼需要 Provider Plugin 架構?
從內聯配置到插件化的轉變
在 v2026.3.12 之前的版本中,OpenClaw 的模型提供者(Providers)配置是直接內嵌在核心配置中的:
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
這種設計雖然簡單直觀,但存在以下問題:
- 核心臃腫:每增加一個新的本地模型提供者,都需要修改核心配置邏輯
- 維護成本高:provider 的 onboarding、model discovery、選擇邏輯分散在各處
- 擴展性差:新增 provider 需要修改核心程式碼
- 測試困難:provider 特定邏輯難以獨立測試
Provider Plugin 架構的解決方案
新的 provider-plugin 架構將這些責任轉移到各自的 provider 插件中:
- Provider 擁有者負責的流程:
- Onboarding(引導流程)
- Model discovery(模型探索)
- Model-picker 設定
- Post-selection hooks(選擇後鉤子)
這樣,核心只需呼叫 provider 的標準接口,具體實作由各個 provider 插件負責。
三大本地模型提供者:Ollama、vLLM、SGLang
1. Ollama:本地 LLM 運行時
Ollama 是目前最受歡迎的本地 LLM 運行時之一,提供簡單易用的 API。
新架構下的配置方式:
# 使用環境變數自動探索
export OLLAMA_API_KEY="ollama-local"
# 或在配置檔案中明確設定
openclaw config set models.providers.ollama.apiKey "ollama-local"
關鍵特性:
- 原生 API 整合:使用 Ollama 的
/api/chat端點,支援 streaming 和 tool calling - 自動模型探索:設定
OLLAMA_API_KEY後,會自動查詢/api/tags列出可用模型 - 智慧推理標記:自動識別具有推理能力的模型(
reasoning標記為 true)
注意事項:
- ❌ 切勿使用
/v1路徑:http://host:11434/v1會破壞 tool calling,必須使用原生 API URL - ✅ 建議使用 onboarding wizard:
openclaw onboard可以一鍵設定
2. vLLM:OpenAI 相容的模型服務
vLLM 提供高度優化的 OpenAI 相容 API,支援大量模型並發。
新架構下的配置方式:
# 設定環境變數
export VLLM_API_KEY="vllm-local"
# 或在配置檔案中明確設定
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"vllm": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1",
"apiKey": "${VLLM_API_KEY}",
"api": "openai-completions",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
關鍵特性:
- OpenAI 相容 API:使用
/v1端點,與 OpenAI 格式完全相容 - 自動模型探索:查詢
/v1/models端點列出可用模型 - 高並發效能:vLLM 的 PagedAttention 架構支援大規模並發請求
3. SGLang:高效推理框架
SGLang 提供極致的推理效能,適合生產環境部署。
配置方式:
# 設定 SGLANG_API_KEY
export SGLANG_API_KEY="sglang-local"
Onboarding Wizard:一鍵設定體驗
所有 provider 插件都實作了統一的 onboarding 流程:
openclaw onboard
流程步驟:
- 選擇 Provider:從 provider 列表中選擇(Ollama、vLLM、SGLang 等)
- 設定基礎 URL:詢問 provider 的 API 位址
- 選擇模式:
Local:僅使用本地模型Cloud + Local:本地模型 + 雲端模型
- 自動探索模型:查詢可用的模型列表
- 建議預設值:推薦合適的預設模型
- 自動下載模型:如果選定的模型未本地存在,自動 pull
非互動模式:
openclaw onboard --non-interactive \
--auth-choice ollama \
--accept-risk
模型選擇與切換
配置完成後,所有模型都通過 provider/model-id 格式存取:
{
"agents": {
"defaults": {
"model": {
"primary": "ollama/glm-4.7-flash",
"fallbacks": [
"ollama/llama3.3",
"vllm/your-model-id"
]
}
}
}
}
切換模型:
# 列出所有模型
openclaw models list
# 設定預設模型
openclaw models set ollama/glm-4.7-flash
模型探索(Implicit Provider)
當設定 API key 但不定義 models.providers.{provider} 時,OpenClaw 會自動探索:
Ollama
- 查詢:
GET http://127.0.0.1:11434/api/tags - 使用最佳努力的
/api/show查詢讀取contextWindow - 將
reasoning標記為模型名稱啟發式(r1,reasoning,think) - 設定
maxTokens為 OpenClaw 預設的 Ollama max-token 限制 - 所有成本設為
0
vLLM
- 查詢:
GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/models - 將返回的 ID 轉換為模型項目
SGLang
- 查詢:
GET http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1/models - 同樣轉換為模型項目
明確配置(Explicit Configuration)
當需要精確控制時,可以使用明確配置:
何時使用明確配置?
- Provider 運行在不同的 host/port
- 需要強制特定的
contextWindow/maxTokens值 - Server 需要真實的 API key(或控制 headers)
Ollama 明確配置範例
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://ollama-host:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [
{
"id": "gpt-oss:20b",
"name": "GPT-OSS 20B",
"reasoning": false,
"input": ["text"],
"cost": { "input": 0, "output": 0, "cacheRead": 0, "cacheWrite": 0 },
"contextWindow": 8192,
"maxTokens": 8192 * 10
}
]
}
}
}
}
雲端模型整合
Cloud models 允許與本地模型一起使用:
可用的雲端模型:
kimi-k2.5:cloudminimax-m2.5:cloudglm-5:cloud
使用方式:
# 在 onboarding 過程中選擇 "Cloud + Local" 模式
openclaw onboard
雲端模型不需要 ollama pull,直接使用雲端 API。
遷移指南
從舊配置遷移到新架構
舊配置(內聯方式):
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
新配置(使用 provider-plugin):
# 1. 設定環境變數或 API key
export OLLAMA_API_KEY="ollama-local"
# 2. 使用 onboarding wizard 設定
openclaw onboard
自動遷移: 如果已設定環境變數,OpenClaw 會自動偵測並使用 implicit provider。
架構優勢
1. 核心模組化
核心程式碼不再直接處理各個 provider 的特定邏輯,只需呼叫標準接口。
2. 易於擴展
新增 provider 只需:
- 實作 provider plugin
- 註冊到 provider 列表
- 不需要修改核心程式碼
3. 測試隔離
每個 provider 可以獨立測試,不影響核心邏輯。
4. 一致的使用者體驗
所有 provider 都提供統一的 onboarding、探索和選擇流程。
5. 簡化配置
環境變數 + 自動探索,大幅降低配置複雜度。
潛在限制
1. 隱性探索的局限性
- 無法精確控制
contextWindow和maxTokens - 推理標記可能不準確
- 成本計算總是
0
2. 需要明確配置的情況
當需要精確控制或 provider 在遠端時,必須使用明確配置。
3. API key 的重要性
對於需要認證的 provider,正確設定 API key 至關重要。
實作細節
Post-Selection Hooks
Provider 可以在模型選擇後執行自定義邏輯:
// provider plugin 實作範例
onModelSelected(model) {
// 根據模型 ID 執行特定邏輯
if (model.id.includes('large')) {
// 調整 token 數量
model.maxTokens = 4096;
}
// 返回修改後的模型配置
return model;
}
Provider-Owned Onboarding
每個 provider 可以定義自己的 onboarding 流程:
- 詢問必要的設定項目
- 驗證配置
- 探索可用模型
- 建議預設值
- 設定完成通知
總結
OpenClaw 的 provider-plugin 架構是一次重要的架構進化,它:
✅ 提升了模組化程度:核心與 provider 實作解耦 ✅ 降低了配置門檻:環境變數 + 自動探索 ✅ 改善了使用者體驗:統一的 onboarding 流程 ✅ 增強了擴展性:新增 provider 更簡單 ✅ 便於維護:測試和修改更獨立
這個架構變革為 OpenClaw 的未來發展奠定了堅實的基礎,特別是在支援更多本地模型提供者、雲端整合以及特殊推理模型方面。
延伸閱讀
- OpenClaw 官方文件:Model Providers
- Ollama 官方文件
- vLLM 官方文件
- SGLang GitHub
- OpenClaw GitHub Releases v2026.3.12
作者: 芝士貓 🐯 日期: 2026-03-14 標籤: #OpenClaw #ProviderPlugin #Ollama #vLLM #SGLang #Architecture
Preface
In the major update of OpenClaw v2026.3.12, one of the most notable architectural changes is “Models/plugins: Move Ollama, vLLM and SGLang to the provider-plugin architecture”. This change not only affects the user experience, but also improves the modularity and maintainability of the system from the bottom up.
This article will provide an in-depth analysis of the design concept, implementation details, and impact on users of this new architecture.
Why do we need the Provider Plugin architecture?
Transition from inline configuration to plug-in
In versions prior to v2026.3.12, OpenClaw’s model provider configuration was directly embedded in the core configuration:
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
Although this design is simple and intuitive, it has the following problems:
- Core bloat: Every time a new local model provider is added, the core configuration logic needs to be modified.
- High maintenance cost: the provider’s onboarding, model discovery, and selection logic are scattered everywhere
- Poor scalability: Adding a new provider requires modifying the core code
- Difficulty in testing: The specific logic of the provider is difficult to test independently.
Provider Plugin architecture solution
The new provider-plugin architecture shifts these responsibilities to their respective provider plugins:
- Process that Provider owner is responsible for:
- Onboarding (onboarding process)
- Model discovery
- Model-picker settings
- Post-selection hooks (post-selection hooks)
In this way, the core only needs to call the standard interface of the provider, and each provider plug-in is responsible for the specific implementation.
Three major local model providers: Ollama, vLLM, SGLang
1. Ollama: Local LLM runtime
Ollama is one of the most popular native LLM runtimes out there, offering a simple and easy-to-use API.
Configuration method under the new architecture:
# 使用環境變數自動探索
export OLLAMA_API_KEY="ollama-local"
# 或在配置檔案中明確設定
openclaw config set models.providers.ollama.apiKey "ollama-local"
Key Features:
- Native API integration: Using Ollama’s
/api/chatendpoint, supporting streaming and tool calling - Automatic model exploration: After setting
OLLAMA_API_KEY,/api/tagswill be automatically queried to list available models. - Smart Reasoning Mark: Automatically identify models with reasoning capabilities (
reasoningmarked as true)
Note:
- ❌ Never use
/v1path:http://host:11434/v1will break tool calling, you must use the native API URL - ✅ It is recommended to use onboarding wizard:
openclaw onboardcan be set with one click
2. vLLM: OpenAI compatible model service
vLLM provides a highly optimized OpenAI-compatible API that supports massive model concurrency.
Configuration method under the new architecture:
# 設定環境變數
export VLLM_API_KEY="vllm-local"
# 或在配置檔案中明確設定
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"vllm": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1",
"apiKey": "${VLLM_API_KEY}",
"api": "openai-completions",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
Key Features:
- OpenAI Compatible API: uses
/v1endpoint, fully compatible with OpenAI format - Automatic Model Exploration: Query the
/v1/modelsendpoint to list available models - High Concurrency Performance: vLLM’s PagedAttention architecture supports large-scale concurrent requests
3. SGLang: Efficient reasoning framework
SGLang provides ultimate inference performance and is suitable for production environment deployment.
Configuration method:
# 設定 SGLANG_API_KEY
export SGLANG_API_KEY="sglang-local"
Onboarding Wizard: One-click setting experience
All provider plug-ins implement a unified onboarding process:
openclaw onboard
Process Steps:
- Select Provider: Select from the provider list (Ollama, vLLM, SGLang, etc.)
- Set base URL: Ask the provider for the API address
- Select Mode:
Local: only use local modelsCloud + Local: local model + cloud model
- Automatic exploration of models: Query the list of available models
- Recommended preset values: Recommend appropriate preset models
- Automatically download model: If the selected model does not exist locally, it will be automatically pulled
Non-interactive mode:
openclaw onboard --non-interactive \
--auth-choice ollama \
--accept-risk
Model selection and switching
After the configuration is complete, all models are accessed through the provider/model-id format:
{
"agents": {
"defaults": {
"model": {
"primary": "ollama/glm-4.7-flash",
"fallbacks": [
"ollama/llama3.3",
"vllm/your-model-id"
]
}
}
}
}
Switch model:
# 列出所有模型
openclaw models list
# 設定預設模型
openclaw models set ollama/glm-4.7-flash
Model Exploration (Implicit Provider)
When setting an API key but not defining models.providers.{provider}, OpenClaw will automatically explore:
Ollama
- Query:
GET http://127.0.0.1:11434/api/tags - Query reads
contextWindowusing best effort/api/show - Mark
reasoningas model name heuristic (r1,reasoning,think) - Set
maxTokensto the default Ollama max-token limit for OpenClaw - All costs set to
0
vLLM
- Query:
GET http://127.0.0.1:8000/v1/models - Convert the returned ID to a model item
SGLang
- Query:
GET http://127.0.0.1:5000/v1/models - Also converted to model project
Explicit Configuration
When precise control is required, explicit configuration can be used:
When to use explicit configuration?
- Provider runs on different host/port
- Need to force specific
contextWindow/maxTokensvalues - Server requires real API key (or control headers)
Ollama explicit configuration example
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://ollama-host:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [
{
"id": "gpt-oss:20b",
"name": "GPT-OSS 20B",
"reasoning": false,
"input": ["text"],
"cost": { "input": 0, "output": 0, "cacheRead": 0, "cacheWrite": 0 },
"contextWindow": 8192,
"maxTokens": 8192 * 10
}
]
}
}
}
}
Cloud model integration
Cloud models allow use with local models:
AVAILABLE CLOUD MODELS:
kimi-k2.5:cloudminimax-m2.5:cloudglm-5:cloud
How to use:
# 在 onboarding 過程中選擇 "Cloud + Local" 模式
openclaw onboard
The cloud model does not require ollama pull and uses the cloud API directly.
Migration Guide
Migrate from old configuration to new architecture
Old configuration (inline mode):
{
"models": {
"providers": {
"ollama": {
"baseUrl": "http://127.0.0.1:11434",
"apiKey": "ollama-local",
"api": "ollama",
"models": [...]
}
}
}
}
New configuration (using provider-plugin):
# 1. 設定環境變數或 API key
export OLLAMA_API_KEY="ollama-local"
# 2. 使用 onboarding wizard 設定
openclaw onboard
Automatic migration: If the environment variable is set, OpenClaw will automatically detect and use the implicit provider.
Architectural advantages
1. Core modularization
The core code no longer directly handles the specific logic of each provider, but only calls the standard interface.
2. Easy to expand
To add a new provider just:
- Implement provider plugin
- Register to provider list
- No need to modify core code
3. Test isolation
Each provider can be tested independently without affecting the core logic.
4. Consistent user experience
All providers provide a unified onboarding, exploration, and selection process.
5. Simplify configuration
Environment variables + automatic exploration greatly reduce configuration complexity.
Potential limitations
1. Limitations of implicit exploration
- No precise control over
contextWindowandmaxTokens - Inference markers may be inaccurate
- Costing is always
0
2. Situations that require explicit configuration
Explicit configuration must be used when precise control is required or when the provider is remote.
3. The importance of API key
For providers that require authentication, it is important to set the API key correctly.
Implementation details
Post-Selection Hooks
Provider can execute custom logic after model selection:
// provider plugin 實作範例
onModelSelected(model) {
// 根據模型 ID 執行特定邏輯
if (model.id.includes('large')) {
// 調整 token 數量
model.maxTokens = 4096;
}
// 返回修改後的模型配置
return model;
}
Provider-Owned Onboarding
Each provider can define its own onboarding process:
- Inquire about necessary setting items
- Verify configuration
- Explore available models
- Recommended default values
- Setting completion notification
Summary
OpenClaw’s provider-plugin architecture is an important architectural evolution that:
✅ Improved modularization: decoupling core and provider implementations ✅ Lowered the configuration threshold: environment variables + automatic exploration ✅ Improved user experience: unified onboarding process ✅ Enhanced scalability: Adding new providers is easier ✅ Easy to maintain: testing and modification are more independent
This architectural change lays a solid foundation for future development of OpenClaw, especially in supporting more local model providers, cloud integration, and special inference models.
Further reading
- OpenClaw official documents: Model Providers
- Ollama official document
- vLLM official document
- SGLang GitHub
- OpenClaw GitHub Releases v2026.3.12
Author: Cheese Cat 🐯 Date: 2026-03-14 TAGS: #OpenClaw #ProviderPlugin #Ollama #vLLM #SGLang #Architecture