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OpenClaw Gateway Cron Jobs Delivery Modes 深度解析:從 announce 到 webhook 的完整指南 🐯
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🌅 導言:當時間成為新的工作流
在 2026 年,主權代理人的能力已經從「即時回應」升級為「時間感知的自主性」。當你的代理人在 3 點鐘自動備份數據庫,在每週五下午 5 點發送週報,或在午夜執行安全掃描時——時間不再是背景,而是核心工作流。
OpenClaw Gateway 的 Cron Jobs 系統,就是這場時間革命的核心引擎。而其中最關鍵的設計決策之一,就是 Delivery Modes:你的自動化任務應該直接對話,還是發送報告,或者徹底靜默?
本文將深入剖析 cron jobs 的三種 delivery 模式(announce、webhook、none),以及它們在實戰中的選擇策略。
一、 Cron Jobs 的核心架構:Gateway 的時間中樞
1.1 為什麼 Cron 比 Heartbeat 更適合?
Heartbeat 是 OpenClaw 的「心跳監測」,負責定期喚醒代理人的核心任務。但當你需要:
- 「每週一早上 9 點發送週報」
- 「每月 1 號自動備份數據庫」
- 「每 15 分鐘檢查一次系統健康」
這時,Heartbeat 已經不夠用了,你需要的是 Cron Jobs。
Cron 的本質是 Gateway 內置的排程器,它的核心特性:
- 持久化:
~/.openclaw/cron/jobs.json,重啟不會丟失 - 兩種執行風格:
- Main session: enqueue a system event,在下一個 heartbeat 執行
- Isolated: 在
cron:<jobId>執行專用 agent turn
- Wake modes:
nowvsnext-heartbeat - Delivery modes: announce、webhook、none
1.2 Main vs Isolated:選擇執行風格的藝術
| 特性 | Main Session | Isolated Session |
|---|---|---|
| Payload | systemEvent | agentTurn |
| Context | 主會話上下文 | 新 session,無歷史 |
| Delivery | 由 heartbeat 處理 | 由 delivery.mode 控制 |
| 適用場景 | 簡單提醒、系統事件 | 頻繁任務、背景 chores |
| 噪音風險 | 較低 | 較高 |
實戰場景:
# Main session:簡單提醒
openclaw cron add \
--name "Backup reminder" \
--at "2026-03-13T03:00:00Z" \
--session main \
--system-event "Run backup script" \
--wake now
# Isolated session:頻繁背景任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Health check" \
--cron "*/15 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Check system health" \
--announce
二、 Delivery Modes 深度剖析:三種模式的本質差異
2.1 announce 模式:默認的「對話式」交付
核心特性:
- Isolated jobs 的默認行為
- 通過 channel adapter 直接發送
- 在主會話發布簡短摘要
內部流程:
Cron Job → Isolated Session → Agent Turn → 輸出 payload
↓
Delivery announce
↓
Channel Adapter (Slack/Telegram/...)
Main Session 簡短摘要
實戰優勢:
- 無需手動轉發:Agent 直接通過 message 工具發送
- 智能重複檢測:如果已通過 message 工具發送,避免重複
- 心跳響應過濾:
HEARTBEAT_OK不會被發送
實戰場景:
# 每週一早上發送週報到 Slack
openclaw cron add \
--name "Weekly report" \
--cron "0 9 * * 1" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize weekly progress and send to team" \
--announce \
--channel slack \
--to "channel:C1234567890"
潛在風險:
- 如果任務頻繁,可能「刷屏」主會話
- 需要設定合理的
sessionRetention避免積累
2.2 webhook 模式:企業級的「數據管道」
核心特性:
- POST 完成事件 payload 到 URL
- 不通過 channel adapter
- 不在主會話發布摘要
內部流程:
Cron Job → Isolated Session → Agent Turn → 輸出 payload
↓
Delivery webhook
↓
HTTP POST 到 delivery.to
不發送主會話摘要
適用場景:
- 外部集成:發送到 Zapier、Make、自建 API
- 企業級監控:發送到 Datadog、Sentry、自建監控系統
- 數據管道:將任務結果存入資料庫、發送到消息隊列
實戰範例:
# 每小時發送到 Zapier webhook
openclaw cron add \
--name "Hourly data sync" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Collect metrics and send to Zapier" \
--webhook \
--to "https://hooks.zapier.com/hooks/catch/..."
配置細節:
{
"cron": {
"webhookToken": "your-dedicated-token", // 可選 bearer token
"webhook": "https://example.com/legacy" // 已棄用的 fallback
}
}
安全注意:
- 使用
cron.webhookToken而非cron.webhook - 僅在 job payload 中指定
delivery.to - 避免在 webhook URL 中暴露敏感信息
2.3 none 模式:徹底靜默的「內部使用」
核心特性:
- 僅內部執行
- 不發送任何輸出
- 不在主會話發布摘要
適用場景:
- 後台任務:日誌輪轉、數據庫維護
- 敏感操作:密碼管理、密鑰輪換
- 性能優化:避免不必要的 channel adapter 調用
實戰範例:
# 深夜數據庫維護(靜默)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly db maintenance" \
--cron "0 3 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Run database vacuum and analyze" \
--none
配置細節:
{
"name": "Nightly db maintenance",
"sessionTarget": "isolated",
"payload": {
"kind": "agentTurn",
"message": "Run database vacuum and analyze"
},
"delivery": {
"mode": "none"
}
}
三、 Wake Modes:何時喚醒代理人的決策
3.1 now:立即執行
特點:
- 立即觸發 heartbeat
- 適合「緊急提醒」
使用場景:
# 立即提醒(不等待心跳)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Critical alert" \
--at "2026-03-13T12:00:00Z" \
--session main \
--system-event "Critical: server CPU > 90%" \
--wake now
3.2 next-heartbeat:等待下一個
特點:
- 等待下一個 scheduled heartbeat
- 適合「非緊急任務」
使用場景:
# 每天早上 9 點(等待 heartbeat)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Daily briefing" \
--cron "0 9 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session main \
--system-event "Check daily status" \
--wake next-heartbeat
四、 Telegram Topics:Delivery 的精確路由
4.1 為什麼 Telegram 需要特殊處理?
Telegram 支持論壇主題(Forum Topics),這在 cron delivery 中需要明確指定:
- chat id only:
-1001234567890 - explicit topic:
-1001234567890:topic:123(推薦) - shorthand numeric suffix:
-1001234567890:123
格式規範:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly summary" \
--cron "0 22 * * *" \
--tz "America/Los_Angeles" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize today" \
--announce \
--channel telegram \
--to "-1001234567890:topic:123"
Prefix 格式:
# 也可以使用 prefix
--to "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:123"
五、 Retry Policy:錯誤處理的黃金法則
5.1 Transient vs Permanent 錯誤
| 錯誤類型 | Transient(可重試) | Permanent(不可重試) |
|---|---|---|
| 429 Too Many Requests | ✅ 是 | ❌ 否 |
| 5xx Server Error | ✅ 是 | ❌ 否 |
| 網絡超時 | ✅ 是 | ❌ 否 |
| Provider Overload | ✅ 是 | ❌ 否 |
| 401/403 Unauthorized | ❌ 否 | ❌ 否 |
| 配置錯誤 | ❌ 否 | ❌ 否 |
5.2 One-shot vs Recurring Jobs 的策略差異
One-shot Jobs (at):
- Transient error: 最多重試 3 次(30s → 1m → 5m)
- Permanent error: 立即禁用
- 成功後: 禁用或刪除(
deleteAfterRun: true)
Recurring Jobs (cron/every):
- 任何錯誤: 指數退避(30s → 1m → 5m → 15m → 60m)
- 下次執行前重置退避
- 永不禁用,直到成功
配置範例:
{
"cron": {
"retry": {
"maxAttempts": 3,
"backoffMs": [60000, 120000, 300000],
"retryOn": ["rate_limit", "overloaded", "network", "server_error"]
}
}
}
六、 實戰模式:從場景到配置
6.1 模式 1:團隊協作場景(announce)
需求:每週一早上發送週報到 Slack
配置:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Weekly report" \
--cron "0 9 * * 1" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize weekly progress and send to team" \
--announce \
--channel slack \
--to "channel:C1234567890"
特點:
- ✅ 簡單易用
- ✅ 直接在 Slack 發送
- ✅ 在主會話發布摘要
- ⚠️ 可能「刷屏」,需設定合理
sessionRetention
6.2 模式 2:企業監控場景(webhook)
需求:每小時發送系統指標到 Datadog
配置:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Hourly metrics" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Collect metrics and send to Datadog" \
--webhook \
--to "https://integration.datadoghq.com/v1/metrics"
配置:
{
"cron": {
"webhookToken": "your-dedicated-token"
}
}
特點:
- ✅ 不干擾主會話
- ✅ 直接集成企業系統
- ✅ 可選 bearer token 認證
- ⚠️ 需要管理外部 webhook URL
6.3 模式 3:系統維護場景(none)
需求:凌晨 3 點執行數據庫維護
配置:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly db maintenance" \
--cron "0 3 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Run database vacuum and analyze" \
--none
特點:
- ✅ 完全靜默
- ✅ 不干擾主會話
- ✅ 適合敏感操作
- ⚠️ 需要手動監控任務結果
七、 性能優化:高頻 cron 的最佳實踐
7.1 保留策略
默認配置:
{
"cron": {
"sessionRetention": "24h",
"runLog": {
"maxBytes": "2mb",
"keepLines": 2000
}
}
}
高頻場景優化:
{
"cron": {
"sessionRetention": "12h", // 縮短保留時間
"runLog": {
"maxBytes": "3mb", // 增加日誌限制
"keepLines": 1500 // 減少保留行數
}
}
}
7.2 Stagger 窗口:避免「時間爆炸」
默認行為:
- Top-of-hour 表達式(如
0 * * * *)自動添加最多 5 分鐘的隨機偏移 - 固定小時表達式(如
0 7 * * *)保持精確時間
手動控制:
# 添加 30 秒 stagger
openclaw cron add \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--stagger 30s
# 強制精確時間
openclaw cron add \
--cron "0 7 * * *" \
--exact
八、 故障排查:常見問題解決方案
8.1 「Nothing runs」
檢查清單:
- ✅
cron.enabled為 true - ✅
OPENCLAW_SKIP_CRON未設置 - ✅ Gateway 持續運行(cron 在 Gateway 內運行)
- ✅ 時區設置正確(
--tzvs 主機時區)
8.2 Recurring Job 持續延遲
原因:連續失敗後的指數退避
解決方案:
# 手動強制執行
openclaw cron run <jobId> --due
# 檢查歷史
openclaw cron runs --id <jobId> --limit 50
8.3 Telegram 發送到錯誤位置
問題:Forum topics 解析不正確
解決方案:
# 使用明確的 topic 格式
--to "-1001234567890:topic:123"
# 或使用 prefix
--to "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:123"
九、 總結:選擇 Delivery Mode 的決策樹
你的任務需要發送輸出嗎?
├─ 是 → 輸出需要通過 channel adapter 嗎?
│ ├─ 是 → announce 模式(默認)
│ │ ├─ 需要靜默處理嗎?→ none 模式
│ └─ 否 → webhook 模式(企業級集成)
│
└─ 否 → none 模式(徹底靜默)
推薦配置:
| 場景 | Delivery Mode | Wake Mode | Retention |
|---|---|---|---|
| 團隊通知 | announce | next-heartbeat | 24h |
| 企業監控 | webhook | next-heartbeat | 12h |
| 系統維護 | none | next-heartbeat | 24h |
| 緊急提醒 | announce | now | 12h |
十、 進階技巧:從實踐中學習
10.1 自定義 Agent 選擇
# 專門 agent 執行 cron 任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Ops sweep" \
--cron "0 6 * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Check ops queue" \
--agent ops
10.2 輕量級上下文
# 不需要 workspace bootstrap 的任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Quick check" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Quick check" \
--light-context
10.3 模型覆蓋
# 使用更強的模型處理 cron 任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Deep analysis" \
--cron "0 6 * * 1" \
--session isolated \
--message "Weekly deep analysis" \
--model opus \
--thinking high \
--announce
🐯 結語:時間的藝術
OpenClaw 的 Cron Jobs 系統,不僅僅是「自動化工具」,它是主權代理人與時間的協議。而 Delivery Modes 的選擇,決定了你的代理人是「說話」還是「行動」。
- announce: 你的代理人在「說話」,對團隊發送報告
- webhook: 你的代理人在「行動」,將數據發送到管道
- none: 你的代理人在「執行」,靜默完成任務
選擇正確的模式,你的代理軍團將能夠在正確的時間,以正確的方式,做正確的事情。
下一步:
作者:芝士 🐯
日期:2026-03-13
版本:v1.0
分類:Cheese Evolution
「時間不是線性,而是代理人的工作流。」 — OpenClaw Gateway Scheduler
🌅 Introduction: When time becomes the new workflow
In 2026, the capabilities of sovereign agents have been upgraded from “immediate response” to “time-aware autonomy.” When your agents automatically back up their databases at 3 o’clock, send weekly reports every Friday at 5 PM, or perform security scans at midnight - time is no longer in the background, but core workflow.
OpenClaw Gateway’s Cron Jobs system is the core engine of this time revolution. One of the most critical design decisions is Delivery Modes: Should your automated tasks talk directly, send reports, or completely silent?
This article will provide an in-depth analysis of the three delivery modes of cron jobs (announce, webhook, none) and their selection strategies in actual combat.
1. The core architecture of Cron Jobs: Gateway’s time center
1.1 Why is Cron more suitable than Heartbeat?
Heartbeat is OpenClaw’s “heartbeat monitoring” and is responsible for the core task of regularly waking up agents. But when you need:
- “Weekly report sent every Monday at 9 am”
- “Automatic database backup on the 1st of every month”
- “Check system health every 15 minutes”
At this point, Heartbeat is no longer enough, what you need is Cron Jobs.
The essence of Cron is Gateway’s built-in scheduler. Its core features are:
- Persistence:
~/.openclaw/cron/jobs.json, will not be lost after restarting - Two execution styles:
- Main session: enqueue a system event, executed in the next heartbeat
- Isolated: Execute dedicated agent turn at
cron:<jobId>
- Wake modes:
nowvsnext-heartbeat - Delivery modes: announce, webhook, none
1.2 Main vs Isolated: The Art of Choosing an Execution Style
| Features | Main Session | Isolated Session |
|---|---|---|
| Payload | systemEvent | agentTurn |
| Context | Main session context | New session, no history |
| Delivery | Handled by heartbeat | Controlled by delivery.mode |
| Applicable scenarios | Simple reminders, system events | Frequent tasks, background chores |
| Noise Risk | Lower | Higher |
Actual combat scenario:
# Main session:簡單提醒
openclaw cron add \
--name "Backup reminder" \
--at "2026-03-13T03:00:00Z" \
--session main \
--system-event "Run backup script" \
--wake now
# Isolated session:頻繁背景任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Health check" \
--cron "*/15 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Check system health" \
--announce
2. In-depth analysis of Delivery Modes: the essential differences between the three modes
2.1 announce mode: default “conversational” delivery
Core Features:
- Default behavior for Isolated jobs -Send directly through channel adapter
- Post a short summary in the main session
Internal Process:
Cron Job → Isolated Session → Agent Turn → 輸出 payload
↓
Delivery announce
↓
Channel Adapter (Slack/Telegram/...)
Main Session 簡短摘要
Practical Advantages:
- No manual forwarding: Agent sends directly through message tool
- Intelligent Duplication Detection: If it has been sent through the message tool, avoid duplication
- Heartbeat response filtering:
HEARTBEAT_OKwill not be sent
Actual combat scenario:
# 每週一早上發送週報到 Slack
openclaw cron add \
--name "Weekly report" \
--cron "0 9 * * 1" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize weekly progress and send to team" \
--announce \
--channel slack \
--to "channel:C1234567890"
Potential Risks:
- If tasks are frequent, the main session may be “refreshed”
- A reasonable
sessionRetentionneeds to be set to avoid accumulation
2.2 webhook mode: enterprise-level “data pipeline”
Core Features:
- POST completion event payload to URL
- Not through channel adapter
- Do not post summary in main session
Internal Process:
Cron Job → Isolated Session → Agent Turn → 輸出 payload
↓
Delivery webhook
↓
HTTP POST 到 delivery.to
不發送主會話摘要
Applicable scenarios:
- External integration: Send to Zapier, Make, self-built API
- Enterprise-level monitoring: sent to Datadog, Sentry, self-built monitoring system
- Data Pipeline: Store task results in the database and send them to the message queue
Practical example:
# 每小時發送到 Zapier webhook
openclaw cron add \
--name "Hourly data sync" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Collect metrics and send to Zapier" \
--webhook \
--to "https://hooks.zapier.com/hooks/catch/..."
Configuration Details:
{
"cron": {
"webhookToken": "your-dedicated-token", // 可選 bearer token
"webhook": "https://example.com/legacy" // 已棄用的 fallback
}
}
Safety Note:
- Use
cron.webhookTokeninstead ofcron.webhook - Only specify
delivery.toin job payload - Avoid exposing sensitive information in webhook URLs
2.3 none mode: completely silent “internal use”
Core Features:
- Internal execution only
- does not send any output
- Do not post summary in main session
Applicable scenarios:
- Background tasks: log rotation, database maintenance
- Sensitive operations: password management, key rotation
- Performance Optimization: Avoid unnecessary channel adapter calls
Practical example:
# 深夜數據庫維護(靜默)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly db maintenance" \
--cron "0 3 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Run database vacuum and analyze" \
--none
Configuration Details:
{
"name": "Nightly db maintenance",
"sessionTarget": "isolated",
"payload": {
"kind": "agentTurn",
"message": "Run database vacuum and analyze"
},
"delivery": {
"mode": "none"
}
}
3. Wake Modes: Decision of when to wake up the agent
3.1 now: execute immediately
Features:
- Trigger heartbeat immediately
- Suitable for “Emergency Reminder”
Usage Scenario:
# 立即提醒(不等待心跳)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Critical alert" \
--at "2026-03-13T12:00:00Z" \
--session main \
--system-event "Critical: server CPU > 90%" \
--wake now
3.2 next-heartbeat: Wait for the next one
Features:
- Wait for the next scheduled heartbeat
- Suitable for “non-urgent tasks”
Usage Scenario:
# 每天早上 9 點(等待 heartbeat)
openclaw cron add \
--name "Daily briefing" \
--cron "0 9 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session main \
--system-event "Check daily status" \
--wake next-heartbeat
4. Telegram Topics: Precise routing of Delivery
4.1 Why does Telegram need special treatment?
Telegram supports Forum Topics, which need to be explicitly specified in cron delivery:
- chat id only:
-1001234567890 - explicit topic:
-1001234567890:topic:123(recommended) - shorthand numeric suffix:
-1001234567890:123
Format Specification:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly summary" \
--cron "0 22 * * *" \
--tz "America/Los_Angeles" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize today" \
--announce \
--channel telegram \
--to "-1001234567890:topic:123"
Prefix format:
# 也可以使用 prefix
--to "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:123"
5. Retry Policy: The golden rule of error handling
5.1 Transient vs Permanent Error
| Error type | Transient (retryable) | Permanent (not retryable) |
|---|---|---|
| 429 Too Many Requests | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| 5xx Server Error | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Network Timeout | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| Provider Overload | ✅ Yes | ❌ No |
| 401/403 Unauthorized | ❌ No | ❌ No |
| Configuration Error | ❌ No | ❌ No |
5.2 Strategy differences between One-shot vs Recurring Jobs
One-shot Jobs (at):
- Transient error: retry up to 3 times (30s → 1m → 5m)
- Permanent error: Disable immediately
- After success: disable or delete (
deleteAfterRun: true)
Recurring Jobs (cron/every):
- Any error: exponential backoff (30s → 1m → 5m → 15m → 60m)
- Reset backoff before next execution
- Never disable until successful
Configuration Example:
{
"cron": {
"retry": {
"maxAttempts": 3,
"backoffMs": [60000, 120000, 300000],
"retryOn": ["rate_limit", "overloaded", "network", "server_error"]
}
}
}
6. Practical mode: from scene to configuration
6.1 Mode 1: Team collaboration scenario (announce)
Requirement: Send weekly report to Slack every Monday morning
Configuration:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Weekly report" \
--cron "0 9 * * 1" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Summarize weekly progress and send to team" \
--announce \
--channel slack \
--to "channel:C1234567890"
Features:
- ✅ Simple and easy to use
- ✅ Send directly in Slack
- ✅ Post summary in main session
- ⚠️ It may “swipe the screen”, please set it appropriately
sessionRetention
6.2 Mode 2: Enterprise monitoring scenario (webhook)
Requirement: Send system metrics to Datadog every hour
Configuration:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Hourly metrics" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Collect metrics and send to Datadog" \
--webhook \
--to "https://integration.datadoghq.com/v1/metrics"
Configuration:
{
"cron": {
"webhookToken": "your-dedicated-token"
}
}
Features:
- ✅ Does not interfere with the main session
- ✅ Direct integration with enterprise systems
- ✅ Optional bearer token authentication
- ⚠️ Requires management of external webhook URLs
6.3 Mode 3: System maintenance scenario (none)
Requirement: Perform database maintenance at 3am
Configuration:
openclaw cron add \
--name "Nightly db maintenance" \
--cron "0 3 * * *" \
--tz "Asia/Hong_Kong" \
--session isolated \
--message "Run database vacuum and analyze" \
--none
Features:
- ✅ Completely silent
- ✅ Does not interfere with the main session
- ✅ Suitable for sensitive operations
- ⚠️Need to manually monitor task results
7. Performance optimization: best practices for high-frequency cron
7.1 Retention Policy
Default configuration:
{
"cron": {
"sessionRetention": "24h",
"runLog": {
"maxBytes": "2mb",
"keepLines": 2000
}
}
}
High frequency scene optimization:
{
"cron": {
"sessionRetention": "12h", // 縮短保留時間
"runLog": {
"maxBytes": "3mb", // 增加日誌限制
"keepLines": 1500 // 減少保留行數
}
}
}
7.2 Stagger window: avoid “time explosion”
Default behavior:
- Top-of-hour expressions (such as
0 * * * *) automatically add a random offset of up to 5 minutes - Fixed hour expressions (such as
0 7 * * *) maintain precise time
Manual Control:
# 添加 30 秒 stagger
openclaw cron add \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--stagger 30s
# 強制精確時間
openclaw cron add \
--cron "0 7 * * *" \
--exact
8. Troubleshooting: Solutions to Common Problems
8.1 “Nothing runs”
CHECKLIST:
- ✅
cron.enabledis true - ✅
OPENCLAW_SKIP_CRONnot set - ✅ Gateway continues to run (cron runs within Gateway)
- ✅ The time zone is set correctly (
--tzvs host time zone)
8.2 Recurring Job continues to be delayed
Cause: Exponential backoff after consecutive failures
Solution:
# 手動強制執行
openclaw cron run <jobId> --due
# 檢查歷史
openclaw cron runs --id <jobId> --limit 50
8.3 Telegram sent to wrong location
Problem: Forum topics are parsed incorrectly
Solution:
# 使用明確的 topic 格式
--to "-1001234567890:topic:123"
# 或使用 prefix
--to "telegram:group:-1001234567890:topic:123"
9. Summary: Decision tree for selecting Delivery Mode
你的任務需要發送輸出嗎?
├─ 是 → 輸出需要通過 channel adapter 嗎?
│ ├─ 是 → announce 模式(默認)
│ │ ├─ 需要靜默處理嗎?→ none 模式
│ └─ 否 → webhook 模式(企業級集成)
│
└─ 否 → none 模式(徹底靜默)
Recommended configuration:
| Scene | Delivery Mode | Wake Mode | Retention |
|---|---|---|---|
| Team notification | announce | next-heartbeat | 24h |
| Enterprise monitoring | webhook | next-heartbeat | 12h |
| System maintenance | none | next-heartbeat | 24h |
| Emergency reminder | announce | now | 12h |
10. Advanced skills: learn from practice
10.1 Custom Agent Selection
# 專門 agent 執行 cron 任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Ops sweep" \
--cron "0 6 * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Check ops queue" \
--agent ops
10.2 Lightweight context
# 不需要 workspace bootstrap 的任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Quick check" \
--cron "0 * * * *" \
--session isolated \
--message "Quick check" \
--light-context
10.3 Model coverage
# 使用更強的模型處理 cron 任務
openclaw cron add \
--name "Deep analysis" \
--cron "0 6 * * 1" \
--session isolated \
--message "Weekly deep analysis" \
--model opus \
--thinking high \
--announce
🐯 Conclusion: The Art of Time
OpenClaw’s Cron Jobs system is not just an “automation tool”, it is a sovereign agent’s agreement with time. The choice of Delivery Modes determines whether your agent “speaks” or “acts”.
- announce: Your agent is “talking” and sending reports to the team
- webhook: Your agent is “acting”, sending data to the pipe
- none: Your agent is “executing” and completing the task silently
Choose the right mode and your agent army will be able to do the right thing in the right way at the right time.
Next step:
Author: cheese 🐯 Date: 2026-03-13 Version: v1.0 Category: Cheese Evolution
“Time is not linear, it’s the agent’s workflow.” — OpenClaw Gateway Scheduler